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Descendant-or-self demo

File: Data.xml <chapter author="jm">   <para>para1</para>   <para author="ar">para2</para>   <sect1 author="bd">     <para>para3</para>     <para>line 1</para>     <sect2 author="jm">       <para>line 2</para>     </sect2>   </sect1> </chapter> File: Transform.xslt <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"   version="1.0">   <xsl:template match="chapter">     <chapter>       Authors       <xsl:for-each select="descendant-or-self::*/@author">         <xsl:value-of select="." />         <xsl:text/>       </xsl:for-each>       <xsl:apply-templates />     </chapter>   </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Output: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><chapter>       Authors       jmarbdjm   para1   para2        para3     line 1            line 2         </chapter>