Mega Code Archive
Predefined Variables list
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variable Description
$! last exception raised. Access with => in a rescue clause.
$@ Stack backtrace of the last exception, retrievable via Exception#backtrace.
$& String matched by the last successful pattern match,
or nil if the last pattern match failed.
Read only.
Local.
$' String preceding what was matched by the last successful pattern match,
or nil if the last pattern match failed.
Same as m.pre_match where m is a MatchData object.
Read only.
Local.
$' String following what was matched by the last successful pattern match,
or nil if the last pattern match failed.
Same as m.post_match where m is a MatchData object.
Read only.
Local.
$+ Last bracket matched by the last successful search pattern,
or nil if the last pattern match failed.
Read only.
Local.
$1, $2... Subpattern from the corresponding set of parentheses in the last successful pattern matched,
or nil if the last pattern match failed.
Same as m[n] where m is a MatchData object.
Read only.
Local.
$~ Information about the last match in the current scope.
Regex#match returns the last match information.
Setting this variable affects match variables like $&, $+, $1, $2, etc.
The nth subexpression can be retrieved by $~[nth]. Local.
$= Case-insensitive flag;
nil by default.
$/ Input record separator;
newline by default.
If it is set to nil, a whole file will be read at once.
gets, readline, etc., take the input record separator as an optional argument.
$\ Output record separator for print and IO#write;
nil by default.
$, Output field separator between arguments;
the default separator for Array#join.
$; Default separator for String#split;
nil by default.
$. Input line number of the last file that was read.
Same as ARGF.lineno.
$< Virtual concatenation file of the files given by command-line arguments
$<.filename returns the current filename.
Synonym for ARGF.
$> Default output for print, printf, and $stdout by default.
Synonym for $defout.
$_ Last input line of string by gets or readline in the current scope;
set to nil if gets or readline meets EOF.
Local.
$0 Name of the current Ruby program being executed.
$* Command-line arguments given for the script.
The options for the Ruby interpreter are already removed.
$$ Process number (process.pid) of the Ruby program being executed.
$? Exit status of the last executed process.
$: Synonym for $LOAD_PATH.
$" Array containing the module names loaded by require.
Used to prevent require from loading modules twice.
$DEBUG True if -d or --debug switch is set.
$defout Default output for print, printf, and $stdout by default.
Synonym for $>.
$F Receives output from split when -a is specified.
Set if -a is set along with -p and -n.
$FILENAME Name of the file currently being read from ARGF. Same as ARGF.filename or $<.filename.
$LOAD_PATH Synonym for $:.
$SAFE Security level:
0 No checks on externally supplied tainted data are allowed.
1 tainted data are forbidden.
2 files are forbidden.
3 All newly created objects are considered tainted.
4 Modification of global data is forbidden.
$stdin standard input;
STDIN by default.
$stdout standard output; STDOUT by default.
$stderr standard error output; STDERR by default.
$VERBOSE True if verbose flag is set by the -v, -w, or --verbose switch of the Ruby interpreter.
$-0 Alias of $/.
$-a True if option -a is set. Read only.
$-d Alias of $DEBUG.
$-F Alias of $;.
$-i In in-place-edit mode, holds the extension;
otherwise nil.
Can enable or disable in-place-edit mode.
$-I Alias of $:.
$-l True if option -lis is set. Read only.
$-p True if option -pis is set. Read only.
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