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-- must never appear in the text used to create the comment

import java.io.File; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import org.w3c.dom.Comment; import org.w3c.dom.Document; public class Main {   public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {     DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();     factory.setValidating(true);     factory.setExpandEntityReferences(false);     Document doc = factory.newDocumentBuilder().parse(new File("filename"));     Comment comment = doc.createComment("invalid -- comment");     boolean validComment = comment.getNodeValue().indexOf("--") < 0;   } }